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Abstract
Legal systems worldwide increasingly prioritize consumer rights, categorizing them as fundamental human rights within global instruments and national constitutions. This study aims to analyze the alignment of consumer rights between international legal frameworks and the Afghan national legal system. This research employs a library-based, qualitative, and analytical approach. Data were gathered by examining international human rights instruments alongside Afghanistan’s domestic regulations, notably the Consumer Rights Protection Law and the Constitution. The findings indicate that while consumer rights are firmly recognized as fundamental human rights globally, their integration into the Afghan legal framework faces practical challenges. Although Afghanistan possesses adequate statutory protections, actual enforcement remains severely limited due to weak administrative capacity, lack of independent oversight, and low public awareness. In conclusion, the Afghan legal system requires significant institutional capacity building and public education to ensure that consumer rights are protected not only in legislation but also in practice.
[Sistem hukum di seluruh dunia semakin memprioritaskan hak-hak konsumen dan mengategorikannya sebagai hak asasi manusia yang fundamental dalam instrumen global dan konstitusi nasional. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keselarasan hak-hak konsumen antara kerangka hukum internasional dan sistem hukum nasional Afganistan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan analitis berbasis studi pustaka. Data dikumpulkan dengan mengkaji instrumen hak asasi manusia internasional serta regulasi domestik Afganistan, khususnya Undang-Undang Perlindungan Hak Konsumen dan Konstitusi. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa meskipun hak konsumen secara tegas diakui sebagai hak asasi manusia secara global, integrasinya ke dalam kerangka hukum Afganistan menghadapi tantangan praktis. Walaupun Afganistan memiliki perlindungan undang-undang yang memadai, penegakan hukum aktualnya masih sangat terbatas akibat lemahnya kapasitas administratif, kurangnya pengawasan independen, dan rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat. Sebagai kesimpulan, sistem hukum Afganistan memerlukan peningkatan kapasitas institusional dan edukasi publik yang signifikan untuk memastikan bahwa hak-hak konsumen dilindungi tidak hanya secara hukum, tetapi juga dalam praktik.]
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Copyright (c) 2026 Marhamat Jalal, Abdul Haq Jalal (Author)
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References
- Aldich-Petersman, E. (2013). WTO law and human rights (M. Jalali, Trans.). Mofid Quarterly, (40). (Original work published 2013)
- Alexander, J. B. (2011). Arbitrability limitation in consumer (B2C) disputes: Consumer protection as a legal and economic phenomenon. Financial Markets and Institutions, 1(3).
- Benöhr, I. (2013). EU consumer law and human rights. Oxford University Press.
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- Devenney, J., & Kenny, M. (2012). Are consumer rights human rights? European consumer protection theory and practice. Cambridge University Press.
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- Kabiri, A., & Kavianifar, P. (2011). Prioritizing threats to the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan through Central Asia and strategies for countering them. Quarterly Journal of Sacred Defense Studies, 5(4).
- Kazemi, P., & Bashiri, A. (2011). Mechanisms for guaranteeing fundamental human rights in the public legal system of Iran. Bi-Quarterly Journal of Islamic Human Rights Studies, 1(11).
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References
Aldich-Petersman, E. (2013). WTO law and human rights (M. Jalali, Trans.). Mofid Quarterly, (40). (Original work published 2013)
Alexander, J. B. (2011). Arbitrability limitation in consumer (B2C) disputes: Consumer protection as a legal and economic phenomenon. Financial Markets and Institutions, 1(3).
Benöhr, I. (2013). EU consumer law and human rights. Oxford University Press.
Cseres, K. J. (2005). Competition law and consumer protection: The necessity for state intervention. Kluwer Law International.
Devenney, J., & Kenny, M. (2012). Are consumer rights human rights? European consumer protection theory and practice. Cambridge University Press.
Ebrahimi, M. (2011). American Convention on Human Rights. Baqir-ul-Uloom Research Institute. (Original work published 2011)
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, as amended by Protocol No. 11. (n.d.).
Hesselink, M. (2005). European contract law: A matter of consumer protection, citizenship, or justice? In S. Grundmann (Ed.), Constitutional values and European contract law. Wolters Kluwer.
Heydari, A. (2014). Consumer Rights Protection Law of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Ministry of Judiciary.
International Law Watch. (n.d.). Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.
Izdifard, A. A., & Kaviar, H. (2009). Consumer protection in electronic commerce contracts: A comparison between European Union law and Islamic law. Kanoon Monthly, (100). (Original work published 2009)
Jaberi, E. (2007). Consumer rights. Dadyar Publishing. (Original work published 2007)
Jahangiri, S., & Athari, S. A. (2018). Investigating the impact of Iran’s geopolitical position on foreign policy (before and after the Islamic Revolution). Political Strategy Quarterly, 2(1). (Original work published 2018)
Kabiri, A., & Kavianifar, P. (2011). Prioritizing threats to the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan through Central Asia and strategies for countering them. Quarterly Journal of Sacred Defense Studies, 5(4).
Kazemi, P., & Bashiri, A. (2011). Mechanisms for guaranteeing fundamental human rights in the public legal system of Iran. Bi-Quarterly Journal of Islamic Human Rights Studies, 1(11).
Kingsepp, M. (2012). The constitutional approach to basic consumer rights. Law Review, University of Tartu, (1632).