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Abstract
Mountain conservation in Timor-Leste plays a crucial role in maintaining water resources, preserving biodiversity, and preventing natural disasters. Such conservation efforts directly contribute to improving the quality of life of both humans and wildlife, as well as enhancing community well-being. Mount Lakus, located at the intersection of several villages in Bobonaro Municipality, holds ecological, cultural, and economic significance for the local population. This study employed a descriptive survey method through field observations and literature review to assess the potential of Mount Lakus for sustainable municipal development. The findings show that the conservation of Mount Lakus could support tourism, agriculture, and environmental protection, while also generating socio-economic benefits for local communities. Establishing Mount Lakus as a National Park would not only preserve natural resources for present and future generations but also promote job creation, support small and medium enterprises, and attract green investment. Therefore, collaborative action between government, local communities, and stakeholders is required to ensure that Mount Lakus contributes effectively to sustainable development in Bobonaro and Timor-Leste as a whole.
[Konservasi gunung di Timor-Leste memainkan peran penting dalam menjaga sumber daya air, melestarikan keanekaragaman hayati, dan mencegah bencana alam. Upaya konservasi tersebut secara langsung berkontribusi pada peningkatan kualitas hidup manusia dan satwa liar, serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Gunung Lakus, yang terletak di pertemuan beberapa desa di Kabupaten Bobonaro, memiliki nilai ekologis, budaya, dan ekonomi yang signifikan bagi masyarakat setempat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei deskriptif melalui observasi lapangan dan kajian literatur untuk menilai potensi Gunung Lakus dalam pembangunan daerah berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konservasi Gunung Lakus dapat mendukung sektor pariwisata, pertanian, dan perlindungan lingkungan, sekaligus menghasilkan manfaat sosial-ekonomi bagi masyarakat lokal. Penetapan Gunung Lakus sebagai Taman Nasional tidak hanya akan melestarikan sumber daya alam bagi generasi sekarang dan mendatang, tetapi juga mendorong penciptaan lapangan kerja, mendukung usaha kecil dan menengah, serta menarik investasi hijau. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kerja sama antara pemerintah, masyarakat lokal, dan para pemangku kepentingan untuk memastikan Gunung Lakus dapat memberikan kontribusi nyata bagi pembangunan berkelanjutan di Bobonaro dan Timor-Leste secara keseluruhan.]
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Copyright (c) 2025 Carlito Gabriel, João Ximenes (Author)

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References
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References
Colasante, A., D’Adamo, I., De Massis, A., & Italiano, S. (2024). An exploratory study of stakeholder views on the sustainable development of mountain tourism. Sustainable Development, 32(4), 3722–3735. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2878
Costa, H. da. (2006). Building a new state in East Timor. Jakarta: Aksara Karuna.
Dax, T., & Tamme, O. (2023). Attractive landscape features as drivers for sustainable mountain tourism experiences. Tourism and Hospitality, 4(3), Article 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp4030023
Dhananjayan, P., Joshi, S. R., Rajbhandari, U., & Gyeltshen, M. (2023). Capacity needs assessment for implementation of renewable energy and energy efficiency in the cardamom value chain of Nepal’s mountain regions: Results of a survey study. Green and Low-Carbon Economy, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.47852/bonview3202672
Fiska. (2021). National park. Jakarta: Gramedia.
Gao, H., Fu, T., Liu, J., Liang, H., & Han, L. (2018). Ecosystem services management based on differentiation and regionalization along vertical gradient in Taihang Mountain, China. Sustainability, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10040986
Gerlitz, J. Y., Hunzai, K., & Hoermann, B. (2012). Mountain poverty in the Hindu-Kush Himalayas. Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2012.689613
Gültekin, P., & Gültekin, Y. S. (2023). Identifying stakeholders for nature-based tourism in marginalised mountainous areas of Türkiye. Ecology & Safety, 17(1), 149–166.
Iagăru, P., Sipos, A., & Iagăru, P. (2024). A strategic approach to the identification and durable valuation of endogenous resources in the mountainous region of Romania. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.1465.v1
Ivanov, Z., & Bitsueva, M. G. (2021). Development of a new architecture of local socio-economic systems of mountain regions. European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.11.281
Ivasciuc, I.-S., & Ispas, A. (2023). Exploring the motivations, abilities and opportunities of young entrepreneurs to engage in sustainable tourism business in the mountain area. Sustainability, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031956
Kumparan. (2023). Manfaat gunung bagi kehidupan dan lingkungan sekitarnya. Kumparan. https://kumparan.com
Manlea, H. (2025, April 23). Laudato Si’: Pesan ‘hijau’ Paus Fransiskus yang harus digaungkan selamanya. The University of Western Australia.
Mazzocchi, C., & Sali, G. (2021). Supporting mountain agriculture through “mountain product” label: A choice experiment approach. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01464-3
Miao, J., Song, X., Zhong, F., Gao, F., Huang, C., & Zhao, X. (2024). The priority implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals in underdeveloped mountain regions. Sustainable Development, 33(3), 3331–3347. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.3297
Mulyanie, E. (2016). Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pelestarian kawasan konservasi hutan di Gunung Galunggung Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Jurnal Geografi, 4(1), 1–12.
Novarino, W. (2021). Wisata gunung berkelanjutan. Jakarta: Kehati.
Oedl-Wieser, T. (2017). Women as drivers for a sustainable and socially inclusive development in mountain regions – The case of the Austrian Alps. European Countryside, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.1515/euco-2017-0045
Saadah, A. (2021). Manfaat gunung bagi manusia yang penting untuk diketahui dan dijaga. Dream.co.id. https://dream.co.id
Santoso, B. (2024). Pentingnya konservasi taman nasional. UNDIP Institutional Repository. http://eprints.undip.ac.id
Sharma, S. K. (2014). Family as an autonomous institution for local agricultural resources governance: Discourse on organic agriculture development in the mountains of Nepal. International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJARGE.2014.066254
Sharma, S., Sharma, K., Pandey, V. K., & Bajaj, A. (2023). Environmental consensus and systematic spatio-temporal analysis of mountain sustainability. The Oriental Anthropologist, 23(2), 314–332. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972558x231204400
She, Y., Liu, H., & Jiang, T. (2017). Barriers to infrastructure sustainability for mountainous townships in Chongqing. Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Protection. https://doi.org/10.2991/iceep-17.2017.257
Suleymanov, M., Isaev, M. G., & Sitokhova, T. E. (2023). Problems of sustainable development of mountain territories and ways to solve them. Bio Web of Conferences, 63, 07020. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20236307020
Tsiaras, S. (2017). Ecotourism development in mountain areas: A theoretical analysis. Tourism and Recreation Research, 42(2).
Wu, L., Xie, B., Xiao, X., Xue, B., & Li, J. (2020). Classification method and determination of mountainous area types at township scales: A case study of Yuxi City, Yunnan Province. Complexity, 2020, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3484568
Wu, L., Zhou, J., Xie, B., Yang, S., & Li, J. (2022). Spatiotemporal differences of land use pattern between mountainous areas and basin areas at township scale: A case study of Yuxi City. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1029917
Wu, Y., & Neng, Z. (2016). Transportation accessibility and ecological impacts in mountainous areas. Journal of Mountain Science, 13(5).
Xu, M., Bai, C., Shi, L., Puška, A., Štilić, A., & Stević, Ž. (2023). Assessment of mountain tourism sustainability using integrated fuzzy MCDM model. Sustainability, 15(19), 14358. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914358
Yani, D. (2023). Potensi kepariwisataan dalam ekosistem gunung dan komunitasnya. Bali Travel Newspaper.