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Abstract
This study aims to examine the terminology of child status as determined by the panel of judges in cases concerning the origin of children following remarriage, along with an analysis of the legal considerations underlying such decisions and the implications for the rights and interests of the child. The use of varied terminologies for child status raises several questions, including the background of such differences, the legal basis and reasoning behind them, and their impact on the child’s best interests. The term remarriage in this context refers to a legally recognized and officially registered marriage under Indonesian law, carried out by a couple who had previously entered into an unregistered marriage. The child whose origin is being determined was born from that unregistered marriage. Applications for determining child origins have resulted in varying terminologies of child status in the court rulings. This study is a normative juridical research with a qualitative prescriptive nature, aimed at providing legal arguments for the findings. It analyzes four court decisions from the religious court concerning the origin of children. The research findings reveal that all four rulings granted the applications, but used different terminologies for child status: “legitimate child,” “biological child,” “child of the petitioners,” and “natural child.” The variation in terminology is due to differences in judicial perspectives, influenced by whether the unregistered marriage is considered valid and the legal reasoning employed in their considerations, in which judges combine Islamic law and positive law. These rulings have implications for the future of the child, particularly in the fulfillment of their rights and interests, legal certainty, child protection, and the clarity of the child’s origin.
[Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui terminologi status anak yang ditetapkan oleh majelis hakim dalam perkara asal-usul anak pasca nikah ulang, beserta analisis terhadap pertimbangan hukum yang mendasarinya dan implikasi penetapan tersebut terhadap hak dan kepentingan anak. Terminologi status anak yang berbeda-beda menimbulkan beberapa pertanyaan antara lain apa latar belakang perbedaan tersebut, bagaimana dasar hukum dan legal reasoning yang mendasarinya dan apa dampaknya terhadap kepentingan anak. Nikah ulang yang dimaksud adalah perkawinan yang dilakukan secara sah dan tercatat sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum yang berlaku di Indonesia, yang dilakukan oleh pasangan yang sebelumnya telah melakukan perkawinan tak tercatat. Anak yang diajukan permohonan asal-usulnya adalah anak yang lahir dari perkawinan tak tercatat tersebut. Pengajuan asal-usul anak menghasilkan terminologi status anak yang berbeda-beda dalam amar penetapannya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan sifat penelitian preskriptif kualitatif yaitu untuk memberikan argumentasi atas hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan empat penetapan perkara asal-usul anak di pengadilan agama untuk dikaji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dalam keempat amar penetapan tersebut menyatakan permohonan dikabulkan, dengan menggunakan terminologi status anak masing-masing yaitu ‘anak sah’, ‘anak kandung’, ‘anak dari para pemohon’ dan ‘anak biologis’. Perbedaan terminologi disebabkan oleh perbedaan pandangan hakim, dipengaruhi oleh fakta sah atau tidaknya perkawinan tak tercatat yang dilakukan dan legal reasoning yang digunakan dalam pertimbangan hukumnya, dimana hakim memadukan antara hukum Islam dan hukum positif. Penetapan ini berpengaruh terhadap masa depan anak dalam pemenuhan hak dan kepentingan anak, kepastian hukum, perlindungan anak dan kejelasan asal-usul anak.]
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