Main Article Content
Abstract
This article examines how Islamic economics can reframe resource scarcity, climate vulnerability, and socio-ecological justice under conditions of extreme climate change. It argues that scarcity should not be understood merely as a technical imbalance between limited resources and expanding needs, but also as a moral and institutional failure in governing water, land, food, energy, finance, and intergenerational responsibility. Using a narrative literature review, the study synthesizes scholarship on falah, maqasid al-Shariah, Islamic environmental ethics, Islamic social finance, green sukuk, Shariah governance, green banking, and community-based resilience. The reviewed literature was selected through a purposive and snowballing process that prioritized peer-reviewed conceptual and empirical studies relevant to Islamic economics, sustainability, and climate justice. The findings show that falah provides a critical counter-concept to growth-centered development because it links material welfare with spiritual accountability, social justice, ecological balance, and future-oriented stewardship. Recent empirical studies also indicate that Islamic financial institutions still face a gap between sustainability disclosure, Shariah governance, and measurable environmental performance. The article contributes by clarifying the methodological basis of the review, strengthening the empirical grounding of the argument, and offering practical recommendations for regulators, Islamic banks, Shariah supervisory boards, zakat and waqf institutions, educators, and community organizations.
[Artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana ekonomi Islam dapat membingkai ulang persoalan kelangkaan sumber daya, kerentanan terhadap perubahan iklim, dan keadilan sosial-ekologis dalam kondisi perubahan iklim yang ekstrem. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa kelangkaan tidak seharusnya dipahami semata-mata sebagai ketidakseimbangan teknis antara keterbatasan sumber daya dan meningkatnya kebutuhan, tetapi juga sebagai kegagalan moral dan kelembagaan dalam mengelola air, lahan, pangan, energi, keuangan, serta tanggung jawab antargenerasi. Dengan menggunakan metode narrative literature review, penelitian ini mensintesis berbagai kajian mengenai falah, maqasid al-Shariah, etika lingkungan Islam, keuangan sosial Islam, green sukuk, tata kelola syariah, green banking, dan ketahanan berbasis masyarakat. Literatur yang ditelaah dipilih melalui proses purposive dan snowballing, dengan memprioritaskan studi konseptual dan empiris yang telah melalui proses peer review serta relevan dengan ekonomi Islam, keberlanjutan, dan keadilan iklim. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa falah menawarkan konsep tandingan yang penting terhadap paradigma pembangunan yang berpusat pada pertumbuhan ekonomi karena menghubungkan kesejahteraan material dengan akuntabilitas spiritual, keadilan sosial, keseimbangan ekologis, dan tanggung jawab pengelolaan sumber daya yang berorientasi pada masa depan. Berbagai studi empiris terkini juga menunjukkan bahwa lembaga keuangan syariah masih menghadapi kesenjangan antara pengungkapan keberlanjutan, tata kelola syariah, dan kinerja lingkungan yang dapat diukur secara nyata. Artikel ini memberikan kontribusi dengan memperjelas landasan metodologis tinjauan pustaka yang digunakan, memperkuat dasar empiris dari argumentasi yang dibangun, serta menawarkan rekomendasi praktis bagi regulator, bank syariah, dewan pengawas syariah, lembaga zakat dan wakaf, pendidik, serta organisasi masyarakat.]
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Copyright (c) 2026 Anom Garbo (Author)

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References
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- Ahmad, H., Yaqub, M., & Lee, S. H. (2023). Environmental-, social-, and governance-related factors for business investment and sustainability: A scientometric review of global trends. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-02921-x
- Alam, A., Ratnasari, R. T., Jannah, I. L., & Ashfahany, A. E. (2023). Development and evaluation of Islamic green financing: A systematic review of green sukuk. Environmental Economics, 14(1), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.21511/ee.14(1).2023.06
- Alam, Md. K., & Miah, M. S. (2024). Do Islamic banks use institutional theory in the light of Shariah governance? Empirical evidence from a Muslim dominant country. Heliyon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24252
- Albrecht, T. R., Crootof, A., & Scott, C. A. (2018). The water-energy-food nexus: A systematic review of methods for nexus assessment. Environmental Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaa9c6
- Ali, D., & Agushi, M. (2024). Eco-Islam: Integrating Islamic ethics into environmental policy for sustainable living. International Journal of Religion. https://doi.org/10.61707/gq0we205
- Ashrafuzzaman, Md., Gomes, C., & Guerra, J. (2022). Climate justice for the southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh. Frontiers in Climate. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2022.881709
- Asutay, M. (2009). Islamic economics: Theoretical and practical perspectives in a global context: A political economy approach to Islamic economics. Kyoto Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies, 2(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.14989/70894
- Bakar, F. A., & Yusof, M. A. (2015). Islamic concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) from the perspective of CSR players at Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad [Paper presentation]. International Conference on Accounting Studies (ICAS) 2015, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. http://repo.uum.edu.my/17561/1/120-ICAS2015%20120-127.pdf
- Bates, B. C., Kundzewicz, Z. W., Wu, S., & Palutikof, J. (2008). Climate change and water: Technical paper VI. IPCC Technical Paper VI. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc11958/
- Boudawara, Y., Toumi, K., Wannes, A., & Hussainey, K. (2023). Shari’ah governance quality and environmental, social and governance performance in Islamic banks. A cross-country evidence. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 24(5), 1004–1026. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-08-2022-0208
- Ghernaout, D. (2017). Environmental principles in the Holy Koran and the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad. American Journal of Environmental Protection. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20170603.13
- Grais, W., & Pellegrini, M. (2006). Corporate governance in institutions offering Islamic financial services: Issues and options. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4052
- Hajar, A. (2024). Transforming Islamic education for environmental and social sustainability. Sinergi International Journal of Islamic Studies. https://doi.org/10.61194/ijis.v2i2.601
- Hamidi, M., & Worthington, A. (2021). Islamic banking sustainability: Theory and evidence using a novel quadruple bottom line framework. International Journal of Bank Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-06-2020-0345
- Hassan, M. K., & Kayed, R. N. (2009). The global financial crisis, risk management and social justice in Islamic finance. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance. https://doi.org/10.55188/ijif.v1i1.63
- Irawan, B. (2022). Islamic boarding schools (pesantren), Sufism and environmental conservation practices in Indonesia. HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i4.7073
- Jan, A., Marimuthu, M., Mohd, M. P., & Isa, M. (2018). Sustainability practices and banks financial performance: A conceptual review from the Islamic banking industry in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Management, 13(11), 61. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n11p61
- Jan, A., Mata, M. N., Albinsson, P. A., Martins, J. M., Hassan, R., & Mata, P. N. (2021). Alignment of Islamic banking sustainability indicators with sustainable development goals: Policy recommendations for addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052607
- Jenkins, W., Berry, E., & Kreider, L. B. (2018). Religion and climate change. Annual Review of Environment and Resources. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102017-025855
- Kader, H. (2021). Human well-being, morality and the economy: An Islamic perspective. Islamic Economic Studies. https://doi.org/10.1108/ies-07-2020-0026
- Kamali, M. H. (2016). Islam and sustainable development. ICR Journal. https://doi.org/10.52282/icr.v7i1.281
- Karman, K., Anwar, R., & Hakim, L. (2023). The Qur’anic learning based on Islamic eco-theology at pesantren. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v9i2.24933
- Kashi, A., Laallam, A., Mansour Nomran, N., Azmi Abumughli, A., & Al-Binali, T. (2024). Do institutional environment and corporate governance structures determine Islamic Banks’ sustainability performance? Evidence across key jurisdictions in Islamic finance industry. Borsa Istanbul Review, 24(6), 1088–1100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2024.06.005
- Khomsatun, S., Aryani, H. F., & Pramesti, A. I. (2025). Pengungkapan Perbankan Hijau dan Kinerja Bank Syariah di Indonesia: Eksplorasi Hubungan dan Peran Moderasi Regulasi. Owner, 9(1), 117–129. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v9i1.2578
- Koehrsen, J. (2021). Muslims and climate change: How Islam, Muslim organizations, and religious leaders influence climate change perceptions and mitigation activities. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.702
- Kumar, S., Sharma, D., Rao, S., Lim, W. M., & Mangla, S. K. (2022). Past, present, and future of sustainable finance: Insights from big data analytics through machine learning of scholarly research. Annals of Operations Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-021-04410-8
- Latief, H. (2013). Islamic philanthropy and the private sector in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v3i2.175-201
- Madani, H. A., Alotaibi, K. O., & Alhammadi, S. (2020). The role of sukuk in achieving sustainable development: Evidence from the Islamic Development Bank. Banks and Bank Systems. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(4).2020.04
- Malik, B. A. (2016). Philanthropy in practice: Role of zakat in the realization of justice and economic growth. International Journal of Zakat. https://doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v1i1.7
- Mason, M., Zeitoun, M., & Sheikh, R. E. (2011). Conflict and social vulnerability to climate change: Lessons from Gaza. Climate and Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2011.618386
- Mergaliyev, A., Asutay, M., Avdukić, A., & Karbhari, Y. (2019). Higher ethical objective (maqasid al-Shari’ah) augmented framework for Islamic banks: Assessing ethical performance and exploring its determinants. Journal of Business Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04331-4
- Mohidem, N. A., & Hashim, Z. (2023). Integrating environment with health: An Islamic perspective. Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12060321
- Muhamad, R., Sukor, M. E. A., & Mukhazir, M. R. M. (2008). Corporate social responsibility: An Islamic perspective. Asian Journal of Accounting Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.22452/ajap.vol1no1.4
- Nasir, N. M., Nair, M. S., & Ahmed, P. K. (2022). Environmental sustainability and contemporary Islamic society: A Shariah perspective. Asian Academy of Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.21315/aamj2022.27.2.10
- Osman, I. (2023). Advancing ethical and sustainable economy: Islamic finance solutions for environmental, social, and economic challenges in the digital age. International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i5.2515
- Posas, P. (2007). Roles of religion and ethics in addressing climate change. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics. https://doi.org/10.3354/esep007031
- Powell, R. (2010). Zakat: Drawing insights for legal theory and economic policy from Islamic jurisprudence. University of Pittsburgh Tax Review, 7(1), 43–74. https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1089&context=faculty
- Qureshi, M. H., & Hussain, T. (2020). Green banking products: Challenges and issues in Islamic and traditional banks of Pakistan. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies. https://doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v6i3.1177
- Rahim, A., & Rahman, A. R. A. (2007). Islamic microfinance: A missing component in Islamic banking. Kyoto Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies, 1(2), 38–53. https://doi.org/10.14989/70892
- Rahman, M. H. ur, Ahmad, A., Raza, A., Hasnain, M., Alharby, H. F., Alzahrani, Y., Bamagoos, A. A., Hakeem, K. R., Ahmad, S., Nasim, W., Ali, S., Mansour, F., & Sabagh, A. E. (2022). Impact of climate change on agricultural production: Issues, challenges, and opportunities in Asia. Frontiers in Plant Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.925548
- Raimi, L., Abdur-Rauf, I. A., & Ashafa, S. A. (2024). Does Islamic sustainable finance support sustainable development goals to avert financial risk in the management of Islamic finance products? A critical literature review. Journal of Risk and Financial Management. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17060236
- Thomas, K. A., Hardy, D., Lazrus, H., Méndez, M., Orlove, B., Rivera-Collazo, I., Roberts, J. T., Rockman, M., Warner, B. P., & Winthrop, R. (2018). Explaining differential vulnerability to climate change: A social science review. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.565
- Uddin, M. N., & Ahmmed, M. (2017). Islamic banking and green banking for sustainable development: Evidence from Bangladesh. Al-Iqtishad: Journal of Islamic Economics. https://doi.org/10.15408/aiq.v10i1.4563
- Widiyanti, D. R., Hanifah, S. H., & Supriani, I. (2025). Exploring Green Banking Performance of Islamic Banks in Indonesia. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance (IJIEF), 8(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijief.v8i1.22411
- Zabidi, F. N. M., Rahman, N. A., & Halim, L. (2021). Integration of Islamic values for environmental conservation: An analysis of school
References
Adinugraha, H. H., Shulhoni, M., & Achmad, D. (2023). Islamic social finance in Indonesia: Opportunities, challenges, and its role in empowering society. Review of Islamic Social Finance and Entrepreneurship. https://doi.org/10.20885/risfe.vol2.iss1.art4
Ahmad, H., Yaqub, M., & Lee, S. H. (2023). Environmental-, social-, and governance-related factors for business investment and sustainability: A scientometric review of global trends. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-02921-x
Alam, A., Ratnasari, R. T., Jannah, I. L., & Ashfahany, A. E. (2023). Development and evaluation of Islamic green financing: A systematic review of green sukuk. Environmental Economics, 14(1), 61–72. https://doi.org/10.21511/ee.14(1).2023.06
Alam, Md. K., & Miah, M. S. (2024). Do Islamic banks use institutional theory in the light of Shariah governance? Empirical evidence from a Muslim dominant country. Heliyon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24252
Albrecht, T. R., Crootof, A., & Scott, C. A. (2018). The water-energy-food nexus: A systematic review of methods for nexus assessment. Environmental Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaa9c6
Ali, D., & Agushi, M. (2024). Eco-Islam: Integrating Islamic ethics into environmental policy for sustainable living. International Journal of Religion. https://doi.org/10.61707/gq0we205
Ashrafuzzaman, Md., Gomes, C., & Guerra, J. (2022). Climate justice for the southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh. Frontiers in Climate. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2022.881709
Asutay, M. (2009). Islamic economics: Theoretical and practical perspectives in a global context: A political economy approach to Islamic economics. Kyoto Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies, 2(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.14989/70894
Bakar, F. A., & Yusof, M. A. (2015). Islamic concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) from the perspective of CSR players at Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad [Paper presentation]. International Conference on Accounting Studies (ICAS) 2015, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. http://repo.uum.edu.my/17561/1/120-ICAS2015%20120-127.pdf
Bates, B. C., Kundzewicz, Z. W., Wu, S., & Palutikof, J. (2008). Climate change and water: Technical paper VI. IPCC Technical Paper VI. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc11958/
Boudawara, Y., Toumi, K., Wannes, A., & Hussainey, K. (2023). Shari’ah governance quality and environmental, social and governance performance in Islamic banks. A cross-country evidence. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 24(5), 1004–1026. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-08-2022-0208
Ghernaout, D. (2017). Environmental principles in the Holy Koran and the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad. American Journal of Environmental Protection. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20170603.13
Grais, W., & Pellegrini, M. (2006). Corporate governance in institutions offering Islamic financial services: Issues and options. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4052
Hajar, A. (2024). Transforming Islamic education for environmental and social sustainability. Sinergi International Journal of Islamic Studies. https://doi.org/10.61194/ijis.v2i2.601
Hamidi, M., & Worthington, A. (2021). Islamic banking sustainability: Theory and evidence using a novel quadruple bottom line framework. International Journal of Bank Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-06-2020-0345
Hassan, M. K., & Kayed, R. N. (2009). The global financial crisis, risk management and social justice in Islamic finance. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance. https://doi.org/10.55188/ijif.v1i1.63
Irawan, B. (2022). Islamic boarding schools (pesantren), Sufism and environmental conservation practices in Indonesia. HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i4.7073
Jan, A., Marimuthu, M., Mohd, M. P., & Isa, M. (2018). Sustainability practices and banks financial performance: A conceptual review from the Islamic banking industry in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Management, 13(11), 61. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n11p61
Jan, A., Mata, M. N., Albinsson, P. A., Martins, J. M., Hassan, R., & Mata, P. N. (2021). Alignment of Islamic banking sustainability indicators with sustainable development goals: Policy recommendations for addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052607
Jenkins, W., Berry, E., & Kreider, L. B. (2018). Religion and climate change. Annual Review of Environment and Resources. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102017-025855
Kader, H. (2021). Human well-being, morality and the economy: An Islamic perspective. Islamic Economic Studies. https://doi.org/10.1108/ies-07-2020-0026
Kamali, M. H. (2016). Islam and sustainable development. ICR Journal. https://doi.org/10.52282/icr.v7i1.281
Karman, K., Anwar, R., & Hakim, L. (2023). The Qur’anic learning based on Islamic eco-theology at pesantren. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v9i2.24933
Kashi, A., Laallam, A., Mansour Nomran, N., Azmi Abumughli, A., & Al-Binali, T. (2024). Do institutional environment and corporate governance structures determine Islamic Banks’ sustainability performance? Evidence across key jurisdictions in Islamic finance industry. Borsa Istanbul Review, 24(6), 1088–1100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2024.06.005
Khomsatun, S., Aryani, H. F., & Pramesti, A. I. (2025). Pengungkapan Perbankan Hijau dan Kinerja Bank Syariah di Indonesia: Eksplorasi Hubungan dan Peran Moderasi Regulasi. Owner, 9(1), 117–129. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v9i1.2578
Koehrsen, J. (2021). Muslims and climate change: How Islam, Muslim organizations, and religious leaders influence climate change perceptions and mitigation activities. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.702
Kumar, S., Sharma, D., Rao, S., Lim, W. M., & Mangla, S. K. (2022). Past, present, and future of sustainable finance: Insights from big data analytics through machine learning of scholarly research. Annals of Operations Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-021-04410-8
Latief, H. (2013). Islamic philanthropy and the private sector in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v3i2.175-201
Madani, H. A., Alotaibi, K. O., & Alhammadi, S. (2020). The role of sukuk in achieving sustainable development: Evidence from the Islamic Development Bank. Banks and Bank Systems. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(4).2020.04
Malik, B. A. (2016). Philanthropy in practice: Role of zakat in the realization of justice and economic growth. International Journal of Zakat. https://doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v1i1.7
Mason, M., Zeitoun, M., & Sheikh, R. E. (2011). Conflict and social vulnerability to climate change: Lessons from Gaza. Climate and Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2011.618386
Mergaliyev, A., Asutay, M., Avdukić, A., & Karbhari, Y. (2019). Higher ethical objective (maqasid al-Shari’ah) augmented framework for Islamic banks: Assessing ethical performance and exploring its determinants. Journal of Business Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04331-4
Mohidem, N. A., & Hashim, Z. (2023). Integrating environment with health: An Islamic perspective. Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12060321
Muhamad, R., Sukor, M. E. A., & Mukhazir, M. R. M. (2008). Corporate social responsibility: An Islamic perspective. Asian Journal of Accounting Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.22452/ajap.vol1no1.4
Nasir, N. M., Nair, M. S., & Ahmed, P. K. (2022). Environmental sustainability and contemporary Islamic society: A Shariah perspective. Asian Academy of Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.21315/aamj2022.27.2.10
Osman, I. (2023). Advancing ethical and sustainable economy: Islamic finance solutions for environmental, social, and economic challenges in the digital age. International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i5.2515
Posas, P. (2007). Roles of religion and ethics in addressing climate change. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics. https://doi.org/10.3354/esep007031
Powell, R. (2010). Zakat: Drawing insights for legal theory and economic policy from Islamic jurisprudence. University of Pittsburgh Tax Review, 7(1), 43–74. https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1089&context=faculty
Qureshi, M. H., & Hussain, T. (2020). Green banking products: Challenges and issues in Islamic and traditional banks of Pakistan. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies. https://doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v6i3.1177
Rahim, A., & Rahman, A. R. A. (2007). Islamic microfinance: A missing component in Islamic banking. Kyoto Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies, 1(2), 38–53. https://doi.org/10.14989/70892
Rahman, M. H. ur, Ahmad, A., Raza, A., Hasnain, M., Alharby, H. F., Alzahrani, Y., Bamagoos, A. A., Hakeem, K. R., Ahmad, S., Nasim, W., Ali, S., Mansour, F., & Sabagh, A. E. (2022). Impact of climate change on agricultural production: Issues, challenges, and opportunities in Asia. Frontiers in Plant Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.925548
Raimi, L., Abdur-Rauf, I. A., & Ashafa, S. A. (2024). Does Islamic sustainable finance support sustainable development goals to avert financial risk in the management of Islamic finance products? A critical literature review. Journal of Risk and Financial Management. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17060236
Thomas, K. A., Hardy, D., Lazrus, H., Méndez, M., Orlove, B., Rivera-Collazo, I., Roberts, J. T., Rockman, M., Warner, B. P., & Winthrop, R. (2018). Explaining differential vulnerability to climate change: A social science review. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.565
Uddin, M. N., & Ahmmed, M. (2017). Islamic banking and green banking for sustainable development: Evidence from Bangladesh. Al-Iqtishad: Journal of Islamic Economics. https://doi.org/10.15408/aiq.v10i1.4563
Widiyanti, D. R., Hanifah, S. H., & Supriani, I. (2025). Exploring Green Banking Performance of Islamic Banks in Indonesia. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance (IJIEF), 8(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijief.v8i1.22411
Zabidi, F. N. M., Rahman, N. A., & Halim, L. (2021). Integration of Islamic values for environmental conservation: An analysis of school