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Abstract

This paper explores how education functions at the margins for migrant communities in India and Turkey, with a particular focus on its potential for transformative learning. The objective is to analyze how systemic barriers such as language, documentation, economic precarity, caste, and gender shape migrants’ access to education, and how alternative practices may reframe learning as a space of empowerment. While much existing scholarship documents exclusion, the research gap lies in examining education not simply as access but as a transformative process that can cultivate resilience, agency, and solidarity. Methodologically, the study employs a comparative theoretical approach, drawing on secondary literature, policy documents, and critical frameworks including Freire’s critical pedagogy, Mezirow’s transformative learning, and intersectional postcolonial theory. The findings show that state-led education in both contexts tends to reproduce inequalities by positioning migrants as deficient, while grassroots and community-driven initiatives demonstrate possibilities for multilingual, flexible, and culturally responsive practices. The paper argues that transformative learning, when rooted in critical reflection and dignity, offers a pathway for migrant learners to negotiate belonging and resist exclusion. By placing India and Turkey in dialogue, the study underscores the urgency of reimagining education as a site of justice in contexts of displacement and mobility.


[Artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana pendidikan berfungsi di wilayah pinggiran bagi komunitas migran di India dan Turki, dengan fokus khusus pada potensinya sebagai sarana pembelajaran transformatif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis bagaimana hambatan sistemik seperti bahasa, dokumentasi, kerentanan ekonomi, kasta, dan gender membentuk akses migran terhadap pendidikan, serta bagaimana praktik-praktik alternatif dapat membingkai ulang pembelajaran sebagai ruang pemberdayaan. Meskipun banyak kajian sebelumnya mendokumentasikan eksklusi, celah penelitian terletak pada pengkajian pendidikan bukan semata-mata sebagai persoalan akses, melainkan sebagai proses transformatif yang mampu menumbuhkan ketahanan, agensi, dan solidaritas. Secara metodologis, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan teoretis komparatif dengan merujuk pada literatur sekunder, dokumen kebijakan, serta kerangka kritis yang meliputi pedagogi kritis Freire, pembelajaran transformatif Mezirow, dan teori poskolonial interseksional. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan yang diprakarsai negara di kedua konteks cenderung mereproduksi ketimpangan dengan memposisikan migran sebagai pihak yang mengalami kekurangan, sementara inisiatif akar rumput dan berbasis komunitas memperlihatkan kemungkinan praktik pendidikan yang multibahasa, fleksibel, dan responsif secara kultural. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa pembelajaran transformatif, ketika berakar pada refleksi kritis dan martabat manusia, menawarkan jalan bagi pembelajar migran untuk merundingkan rasa memiliki dan melawan eksklusi. Dengan mendialogkan konteks India dan Turki, studi ini menegaskan urgensi untuk membayangkan kembali pendidikan sebagai ruang keadilan dalam situasi perpindahan dan mobilitas.]

Keywords

Migration Transformative Learning Critical Pedagogy Refugee Education

Article Details

Author Biographies

D. OGUZ, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Poland

Dilek OGUZ    is a postgraduate researcher specializing in migration studies and social transformations. In her thesis, she examines migration movements to Turkey in the 21st century, with a particular focus on the social, cultural, and economic impacts of mass migrations from Syria and Afghanistan. Her research emphasizes that migration is not merely a demographic movement but also a dynamic phenomenon that reshapes processes of identity, belonging, and social integration. In this context, OGUZ analyzes Turkey’s migration policies and the experiences of local communities while also linking national-level practices to the work of civil society organizations and international institutions in the field of migration. Her studies aim to contribute to the development of inclusive and sustainable policy recommendations by exploring the role of NGOs and international organizations in migrants’ social cohesion and integration processes. Adopting an interdisciplinary perspective, her research sheds light on the multidimensional aspects of migration that shape both Turkey’s social fabric and the global governance of migration

Sonia RATHORE, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, Poland

Sonia Rathore is an Erasmus Scholar, international relations researcher, and social worker specializing in feminism, culture, and education. With academic and professional experience across Europe and Asia, she focuses on the intersections of migration, gender, and cultural identity in global governance. Her work bridges theory and practice, combining feminist perspectives with international relations to promote inclusive policies and intercultural dialogue. Passionate about education as a transformative tool, Sonia advocates for approaches that empower marginalized communities and foster global citizenship. She continues to engage with NGOs, research networks, and academic platforms to advance equity and social justice worldwide

How to Cite
Education at the Margins: Transformative Learning for Migrant Communities in India and Turkey: Pendidikan di Pinggiran: Pembelajaran Transformatif bagi Komunitas Migran di India dan Turki. (2025). REACT: Research in Education and Critical Transformation, 1(2), 75-86. https://pub.siradjournal.com/index.php/react/article/view/74

How to Cite

Education at the Margins: Transformative Learning for Migrant Communities in India and Turkey: Pendidikan di Pinggiran: Pembelajaran Transformatif bagi Komunitas Migran di India dan Turki. (2025). REACT: Research in Education and Critical Transformation, 1(2), 75-86. https://pub.siradjournal.com/index.php/react/article/view/74

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