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Abstract

This paper presents a critical analysis of two dominant paradigms in the philosophy of science: positivism and postmodernism. While existing literature often positions these paradigms dichotomously, this study argues for their potential integrative and complementary roles in addressing contemporary epistemological crises and the complex challenges of modern science. Employing a qualitative approach through descriptive-analytical library research, this article reveals that positivism provides a robust methodological foundation for empirical science but often neglects subjective and moral dimensions. Conversely, postmodernism offers a pluralistic, contextual view of truth as a social construct, challenging epistemological absolutism. The primary conceptual contribution of this paper lies in its proposal of a reflective, interdisciplinary framework that synthesizes the empirical rigor of positivism with the critical, contextual awareness of postmodernism. This synthesis aims to foster the development of knowledge that is not only scientifically valid but also humanistically meaningful and contextually relevant.


[Tulisan ini menyajikan analisis kritis terhadap dua paradigma dominan dalam filsafat ilmu, yaitu positivisme dan postmodernisme. Berbeda dengan literatur yang seringkali memposisikan keduanya secara dikotomis, studi ini justru mengargumentasikan peran integratif dan saling melengkapi dari kedua paradigma dalam merespons krisis epistemologis dan tantangan kompleks ilmu pengetahuan kontemporer. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi kepustakaan deskriptif-analitis, artikel ini mengungkap bahwa positivisme memberikan landasan metodologis yang kuat bagi ilmu empiris namun cenderung mengabaikan dimensi subjektif dan moral. Sebaliknya, postmodernisme menawarkan pandangan pluralistik dan kontekstual yang memandang kebenaran sebagai konstruksi sosial serta menolak absolutisme epistemologis. Kontribusi konseptual utama makalah ini terletak pada usulan kerangka kerja reflektif dan interdisipliner yang mensintesis ketelitian empiris positivisme dengan kesadaran kritis-kontekstual postmodernisme. Sintesis ini bertujuan untuk mendorong pengembangan pengetahuan yang tidak hanya sahih secara ilmiah, tetapi juga bermakna secara humanis dan relevan secara kontekstual.]

Keywords

Positivism Postmodernism Philosophy of Science Epistemology Empiricisme

Article Details

Author Biographies

Irfan Maulana Adnan, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Served as the main author of this study. He was responsible for formulating the research problem, developing the conceptual and theoretical framework, conducting the literature review and qualitative descriptive-analytical analysis, and drafting the initial and final versions of the manuscript. He also carried out the critical synthesis between positivist and postmodern paradigms and articulated the proposed integrative and reflective framework in the philosophy of science.

Abdullah Abdullah, Universitas Al-Ahgaff, Mukalla, Yemen

Contributed as a co-author by providing academic supervision and theoretical guidance throughout the research process. He critically reviewed the philosophical arguments, strengthened the theoretical analysis, and contributed to revising and refining the manuscript to ensure conceptual clarity, methodological soundness, and overall academic coherence.

How to Cite
The Paradigm of Science in Critical Analysis of Positivism and Postmodernism: Paradigma Sains dalam Analisis Kritis Positivisme dan Postmodernisme. (2025). REACT: Research in Education and Critical Transformation, 1(2), 113-124. https://pub.siradjournal.com/index.php/react/article/view/80

How to Cite

The Paradigm of Science in Critical Analysis of Positivism and Postmodernism: Paradigma Sains dalam Analisis Kritis Positivisme dan Postmodernisme. (2025). REACT: Research in Education and Critical Transformation, 1(2), 113-124. https://pub.siradjournal.com/index.php/react/article/view/80

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