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Abstract

Health inequalities remain a significant problem in many urban centers of developing countries due to unequal benefits derived from public health interventions. While there have been efforts aimed at improving the state of health intervention in Bo City, Sierra Leone, disparities in health access, educational attainment, and social welfare still exist. The current study seeks to establish the link between various social determinants including education, poverty, gender relations, culture, and health access on health outcomes. This paper seeks to evaluate the relationship between medical sociology and educational access in health behaviors and outcomes. For this reason, a mixed-method research design was used, gathering primary data through surveys of about 200 households and in-depth interviews with 15 key informants, alongside secondary data analysis. It is evident from the findings that lack of education has played a key role in limiting health literacy levels, prevention practices and health service utilization. Poverty, socio-cultural attitudes toward diseases, gender inequality and uneven distribution of health infrastructures have compounded the situation and created health disparities. Health interventions appear to have had higher success rates among communities with higher levels of educational attainment and institutional trust. Marginalized communities within the city of Bo face structural barriers that impede their ability to enjoy good health outcomes. From the above analysis, the study finds out that health interventions can only be effective if issues related to education and broader social context are taken into account. It is recommended that a sociological approach be adopted in designing, implementing and reforming health interventions.


[Ketidaksetaraan kesehatan tetap menjadi masalah signifikan di banyak pusat perkotaan di negara berkembang karena tidak meratanya manfaat yang diperoleh dari intervensi kesehatan masyarakat. Meskipun telah ada upaya yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keadaan intervensi kesehatan di Kota Bo, Sierra Leone, kesenjangan dalam akses kesehatan, pencapaian pendidikan, dan kesejahteraan sosial masih ada. Studi saat ini berupaya untuk menetapkan hubungan antara berbagai penentu sosial termasuk pendidikan, kemiskinan, hubungan gender, budaya, dan akses kesehatan terhadap hasil kesehatan. Makalah ini berupaya untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara sosiologi medis dan akses pendidikan dalam perilaku dan hasil kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, desain penelitian metode campuran digunakan, dengan mengumpulkan data primer melalui survei terhadap sekitar 200 rumah tangga dan wawancara mendalam dengan 15 informan kunci, di samping analisis data sekunder. Jelas dari temuan bahwa kurangnya pendidikan telah memainkan peran kunci dalam membatasi tingkat literasi kesehatan, praktik pencegahan dan pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan. Kemiskinan, sikap sosial-budaya terhadap penyakit, ketidaksetaraan gender dan distribusi infrastruktur kesehatan yang tidak merata telah memperburuk situasi dan menciptakan kesenjangan kesehatan. Intervensi kesehatan tampaknya memiliki tingkat keberhasilan yang lebih tinggi di antara komunitas dengan tingkat pencapaian pendidikan dan kepercayaan institusional yang lebih tinggi. Komunitas yang terpinggirkan di dalam kota Bo menghadapi hambatan struktural yang menghalangi kemampuan mereka untuk menikmati hasil kesehatan yang baik. Dari analisis di atas, studi ini menemukan bahwa intervensi kesehatan hanya dapat efektif jika masalah yang berkaitan dengan pendidikan dan konteks sosial yang lebih luas dipertimbangkan. Disarankan agar pendekatan sosiologis diadopsi dalam merancang, menerapkan, dan mereformasi intervensi kesehatan. ]

Keywords

sociology health inequality determinant intervention education

Article Details

Author Biography

Mohamed Alusine Mansaray, Paul University Awka, Nigeria

is a sociologist and social work scholar currently affiliated with Paul University, Awka, Nigeria. His academic interests include medical sociology, social determinants of health, education, community development, social work, governance, and social inequality. His research particularly examines how social and educational conditions influence individual and community well-being in African contexts. Earlier published work identifies him as a lecturer in the Department of Sociology and Social Work at Ernest Bai Koroma University of Science and Technology, Sierra Leone, where his scholarship addressed community development, youth participation, and educational and social issues.

How to Cite
Medical Sociology, Educational Access, and Health Outcomes: Understanding Social Determinants in Bo City, Sierra Leone: Sosiologi Medis, Akses Pendidikan, dan Hasil Kesehatan: Memahami Penentu Sosial di Kota Bo, Sierra Leone. (2026). REACT: Research in Education and Critical Transformation, 2(1), 25-42. https://pub.siradjournal.com/index.php/react/article/view/138

How to Cite

Medical Sociology, Educational Access, and Health Outcomes: Understanding Social Determinants in Bo City, Sierra Leone: Sosiologi Medis, Akses Pendidikan, dan Hasil Kesehatan: Memahami Penentu Sosial di Kota Bo, Sierra Leone. (2026). REACT: Research in Education and Critical Transformation, 2(1), 25-42. https://pub.siradjournal.com/index.php/react/article/view/138

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